Periodontal care

Periodontal diseases:

Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures around the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), severe periodontitis is the 11th most common disease in the world. It is estimated that 10 to 15% of the world's population is affected by severe periodontitis. Here is a detailed overview of these diseases in order to better understand their prevalence and impact:

The causes of periodontitis

• Dental calculus (tartar): It is a hard accumulation of dental plaque that forms on the teeth and under the gums, which can cause irritation, inflammation, and periodontal disease.
• Risk Factors: There are several factors that increase the risk of developing periodontitis, including:
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Genetic factors
  • Malocclusion
  • Hormonal changes (for example during pregnancy)
  • Some diseases (like HIV)
  • Drugs that reduce saliva production
  • Age
  • Stress

Periodontitis symptoms

• Swollen, red, or purplish gums
• Sensitive or bleeding gums
• Gum recession (moving gums away from teeth)
• Formation of pockets between teeth and gums
• Pus between teeth and gums
• Persistent bad breath
• Loose or moving teeth
• Changes in bite alignment (occlusion)

Periodontitis stages

1. Gingivitis: Initial stage, reversible with appropriate treatment. The gums are inflamed, but the bone and supporting fibers are not yet affected.
2. Mild periodontitis: Inflammation progresses and pockets begin to form around the teeth.
3. Moderate periodontitis: Increased destruction of supporting tissue, deeper pockets, and bone loss.
4. Advanced periodontitis: Significant loss of bones and fibers, very mobile teeth, high risk of tooth loss.

Oral health risks

• Tooth loss: Severe periodontitis causes the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, including the alveolar bone, which can lead to tooth loss.
• Gum recession: The gums recede, exposing the roots of the teeth, which can lead to increased sensitivity and an increased risk of root caries.
• Periodontal abscess formation: Pouches filled with pus may form, causing pain and swelling.
• Persistent bad breath: Because of the accumulation of bacteria and food debris in periodontal pockets.

General health risks

• Cardiovascular diseases: Bacteria that cause periodontitis can enter the bloodstream and contribute to blood vessel inflammation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Diabetes: There is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontitis can make it more difficult to control blood sugar levels, and poorly controlled diabetes can make periodontitis worse.
• Pregnancy complications: Pregnant women with periodontitis are at increased risk of complications, such as low birth weight and premature birth.
• Respiratory diseases: Oral bacteria can be inhaled into the lungs, causing or worsening respiratory infections like pneumonia.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: The chronic inflammation associated with periodontitis can increase the risk of developing inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
• Osteoporosis: Periodontitis may be linked to a decrease in bone density, which increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Diagnosis of periodontitis

• Clinical examination: The professional examines the gums, measures the depth of the periodontal pockets using a periodontal probe, and also assesses bleeding.
• Dental X-rays: Used to assess bone loss around teeth.
• Assessment of plaque and tartar: Determine the extent of bacterial accumulation.

Gum graft

Gum grafting is a surgical procedure used to treat gum recession, increase the level of attached gum, and improve aesthetics.

What is Gum Recession?

Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue around the teeth wears out or contracts, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This can lead to increased sensitivity, an increased risk of tooth decay and periodontal disease, and an unpleasant aesthetic appearance.

Gum grafting can:

• Reducing tooth sensitivity
• Protect exposed tooth roots
• Improving smile aesthetics
• Preventing periodontal disease and bone loss

Occlusal brace

Occlusal splints are custom made plastic devices that adapt perfectly to a patient's teeth. They are generally transparent and made of acrylic or resin. These devices are used to manage symptoms related to grinding (Bruxism), tightness, and to relieve pain associated with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMJ).

Here's how they work and why they're useful:

• Teeth protection: One of the main functions of braces for Bruxism is to protect teeth from excessive wear and tear. Grinding or squeezing can lead to tooth enamel abrasion, dental cracks, and even dental fractures. Splints provide a protective barrier that distributes pressure on the teeth, reducing potential damage.
• Reduction in symptoms: Bruxism can also lead to unpleasant symptoms such as headaches, jaw pain, ear pain, and muscle tension in the face and neck. Occlusal splints help alleviate these symptoms by absorbing some of the force exerted during tightening, relieving pressure on jaw muscles and joints.
• Protection of dental restorations: If you have fillings, crowns, or other dental restorations, Bruxism can damage them as well. Occlusal splints offer additional protection to these restorations by reducing pressure and abrasion on the teeth.
• Improved sleep: By reducing the symptoms of Bruxism, occlusal splints can also improve the quality of your sleep. Many people with Bruxism have difficulty getting restful sleep due to the pain and tension associated with it. By relieving these symptoms, splints can promote more restful sleep.

How to use it?

• Sleepwear: The splint is usually worn at night but can be used during the day if needed.
• Interview: It is important to clean it daily with mild soap and water to avoid the accumulation of bacteria and to store it in a protective case.

It is important to follow your dentist's instructions regarding the use and maintenance of occlusal splints to ensure they are effective and to extend their lifespan. And remember to clean them regularly to maintain good oral hygiene!